Generally, in fish farming, there is absolutely never escapes from disease and pest attacks. Although there are currently many ways to handle and overcome it. The most important thing is to maintain the quality of the water in the pond. Catfish is a "stubborn" group of fish because it has a high enough resistance to changes in environmental conditions, so it is rarely exposed to disease outbreaks. However, even though they are in good condition, catfish are still given care as a preventive measure. Catfish disease can be seen from the movement is less normal and lack of appetite. For the enlargement stage, sometimes catfish catches boils on their body due to lack of nutrition. The cause of jaundice is not known until now, but it is suspected that it is due to the effect of a mineral deficiency from the feed given. In general, catfish disease can be divided into several groups, as follows:

1. Parasites disease

This disease is caused by parasites, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa (lchthyothirius), worms (Dactilogirus, Gylodactilus), and small shrimp (Crustacea, Lernaea sp). Signs or characteristics of catfish that are attacked by parasites:

• Fish movement becomes passive.
• Decreased appetite.
• Often floats on the surface of the water.
• The fins (dorsal, pectoral and tail fins) are damaged and cracked.
• Broken gills.
• And the color changes from red to bluish.

The causes of disease in catfish farming are as follows:
Aeromonas hydropilla and Pseudomonas hydrophilla (bacterial disease)

The bacteria form like a rod with a whip at the end, and this whip is used to move. Size is 0.7-0.8 x 1-1.5 microns. Symptoms of catfish affected by this bacterial disease are visible dark body color, rough skin, and bleeding. In addition, catfish are also seen breathing irregularly on the surface of the water. Prevention and how to overcome it can be done by maintaining the pond environment, especially the base, please keep it clean, maintain good water quality and periodically provide Aeromonas vaccines, either through feed or soaking fish while it is still seed phase. Control of this disease can be done by providing probiotics regularly, either mixed with feed or poured into the pond. Here are some common treatments:

• Treatment through food by spraying antiviral probiotics to the surface of the feed evenly, with a dose of 1 liter per ton of feed. Do it regularly for 7-10 days, or you can spray turmeric water with a dose of 2 ml/kg of feed for 3-4 days.
• Treatment through water can be done by spreading table salt that has been diluted into the water at a dose of 15-25 g/m² for four days at intervals of two days. This catfish treatment should be done during the day when the sun is hot.

1.1. Tuberculosis catfish disease

This disease is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium fortotium. Symptoms of catfish exposed to these bacteria are as follows:

• The body of the fish is dark.
• Swollen stomach due to tubercles (rash) in the liver, kidneys and spleen.
• The position of the fish standing on the surface of the water, spinning or tilting.
• There are white spots around the mouth and fins of the fish.

Catfish disease control can be done by improving water quality and the pond environment. However, if you already have this disease, do treatment in the following ways:

• Treatment through food is carried out by spraying antiviral probiotics onto the surface of the feed evenly at a dose of one ton per feed. And then the same as dealing with the disease in part number one a.
• Treatment through water can be done by spreading table salt that has been diluted in water at a dose of 15-25 g/m² for four days at intervals of two days. This catfish treatment should be done during the day when the sun is hot.

1.2. White spot disease and Itching (Trichodiniasis)

This disease in catfish is caused by parasites from the ciliate group with a round shape, sometimes amuboid, and has a horseshoe-shaped core called lchthyophthirius multifilis. Symptoms of catfish exposed to these parasites are as follows:

• Fish that are attacked by this disease are very weak and always appear on the surface of the water.
• There are white spots on the skin, fins, and gills.
• Fish often rub their body against the bottom or wall of the pond.
• Control can be done by maintaining the quality of pool water. Meanwhile, treatment can be carried out in the same way. as a treatment due to TB disease.

1.3. Trematode worm catfish disease

This catfish disease is caused by Gyrodactylus and Dactylogyrus worms. Dactylogyrus attacks the gills. Meanwhile, Gyrodactylus attacks the skin and fins. The symptoms that arise are the gills that are damaged into wounds, then bleeding occurs which results in disturbed breathing of the fish. If catfish shows signs of illness, the causative factors must be controlled, then do the following treatment:

• If the temperature is too high, the pond is given a temporary shade and the water is replaced with a cooler temperature.
• If the pH is too low, add a chalk solution of 10 g/100 L of water.
• If there are any toxic gases (H₂S and CO₂), the water must be replaced immediately.
• If the feed is not enough, the feed dose must be added.

To treat the disease catfish, the first step is to reduce the pond water by 20%. After that, do the treatment through water, by spreading table salt that has been diluted into the water at a dose of 15-25 g/m² for four days with intervals of two days. This water treatment should be done during the day when the sun is hot. In addition to treatment using chemicals, natural treatment can also be done on catfish.

2. Non-parasites disease

Fish diseases are caused by chemical and physical factors that are not suitable for fish life, such as an inappropriate pH condition, lack of oxygen in the water, and the presence of poisonous gases. Some things that must be considered in the prevention of catfish disease are as follows:

• Separate, dispose of, or remove as soon as possible catfish with symptoms treat separately is still possible.
• Move or separate catfish in the pond that is stricken with disease.
• Separate healthy catfish from sick fish.
• Avoid too much shock and extreme treatment of sick fish.
• Fish affected by the disease can also be treated with a solution of potassium permanganate at a dose of 3 ppm with a long soaking for 24 hours. Do it regularly for 3-4 days until all catfish are healthy again.

2.1. Types of pests that attack catfish

Pests in catfish are high-level animals that can interfere with the life of catfish. In the wild and in open ponds, pests that often attack catfish include beavers, snakes, frogs, birds, insects, water raccoons, snakehead fish, and eels. In the yard, especially in urban areas, the only pests that often attack are frogs and cats. Catfish pests are usually not as severe as attacks by other fish diseases. In addition to diseases that have originated from the above bacteria, there are also types of catfish diseases caused by Myxoboullus sp., such as gill wounds and impaired interpretation. In addition, there are also white cottony sores caused by the fungus Saprolegnia, and Achlya sp. Usually, the use of manure is not processed properly.

3. Catfish pest and disease control

Pest attacks can be prevented by installing cloth net or filter wires in the water intake channel (inlet) and drainage channel (outlet) and can also by doing embankment. Catfish is a type of fish that has no scales, even though scales are used to protect the inner skin. Therefore, catfish do not have body protection from environmental disturbances. As a result, when injured, it is very easy for excess mucus to occur from the body. Actions that can be taken to prevent the development of pathogens (disease-causing) that can attack fish are as follows:

• Sanitation of aquatic environments and disinfecting seeds with potassium permanganate (PK).
• Providing good quality feed in sufficient quantities according to fish needs.
• The seedlings were not too dense and the seeds were only healthy and there were no wounds or defects.
• Vaccinate catfish seeds to be stocked.

There are three tips for overcoming catfish disease. There are several ways to cure catfish that are commonly used today:

• Treatment is a method of treatment using low doses of cure and a relatively long period of time.
• Diving is a method of treatment using high doses of cure and usually, the time required is relatively short even with repeated treatments.
• Soaking, done if the disease is severe enough.